Getting started with the Android WebView is fairly simple, whether you want load a remote URL or display pages stored in your app.
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This tutorial walks you through creating a new Android Project, adding a WebView, loading a remote URL, and then loading a local HTML page.
Note: This tutorial assumes you're a developer with limited or no experience with the Android development environment, but have some experience with Java. If you're already familiar with programming for Android, you may want to refer to to Building Web Apps in WebViewon the Android developer site instead.
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Install Android Studio
This tutorial uses Android Studio, the new design-and-build IDE for Android. So you'll need start off by installing Android Studio, as described here:
Create a New Android Project
When the installation completes, Android Studio launches and displays the welcome screen.
To create a new project:
Note: After you have your project created,make sure you have the KitKat SDK installed.Go to Tools > Android > SDK Manager andmake sure you have Android 4.4 (API 19) installed.
Add the WebView
Android Studio will give you some boilerplate code to set up your application. Your project's structure should look something like this:
A few of the more import folders are identified in the picture:
You need to add a WebView to the main activity's layout.
Enable JavaScript
WebViews don't allow JavaScript by default. To run a web application in the web view, you need to explicitly enable JavaScript by adding the following lines to the
onCreate method:
Load a Remote URL
If you're going to load data from a remote URL, your application needs permission to access the internet. This permission needs to be added in the application's manifest file.
Note: To detect when a URL has started and finished loading,use
WebViewClient.onPageStarted and WebViewClient.onPageFinished . https://qivsww.weebly.com/blog/best-mac-app-store-photography-apps.
Handling Navigation
Now try changing the URL you're loading to
http://www.html5rocks.com/ and rerun your application.You'll notice something strange.
If you run the application now with a site that has a redirect like
html5rocks.com , your app ends up opening the site in a browser on the device, not in your WebView -- probably not what you expected. This is because of the way the WebView handles navigation events.
Here's the sequence of events:
If you're using a WebView inside an Android application to display some simple web content (for example, a help page), this may be exactly what you want to do. However, for more sophisticated applications, you may want to handle the navigation links yourself.
To handle navigation inside the WebView you need to override the WebView's
WebViewClient , which handles various events generated by the WebView. You can use it to control how the WebView handles link clicks and page redirects.
The default implementation of
WebViewClient makes any URL open in the WebView:
This is a good step forward, but what if you want to handle links for your site only, while opening other URLs in a browser?
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To achieve this you need to extend the
WebViewClient class and implement the shouldOverrideUrlLoading method. This method is called whenever the WebView tries to navigate to a different URL. If it returns false, the WebView opens the URL itself. (The default implementation always returns false, which is why it works in the previous example.)
Create a new class:
Handling the Android Back Button
As you start playing around and navigating the awesome HTML5Rocks articles, hitting the back button on Android exits the application, even though you've explored a few pages of the site. How to open bittorrent files.
WebView has a method
canGoBack which tells you if there is anything on the page stack that can be popped. All you need to do is detect a back button press and determine if you should step back through the WebView's history or allow the platform to determine the correct behaviour. Inside your MainActivity class, add the following method (in bold):
Loading HTML files from the file system
A big advantage of using a WebView inside an installable application is that you can store assets inside the app. This lets your app work offline and improves load times, since the WebView can retrieve assets directly from the local file system.
To store files such as HTML, JavaScript, and CSS locally, put them in the assets directory. This is a reserved directory that Android uses for raw files that your app may need access to (i.e. files it knows it should minimise or compress).
In your project, create the
assets directory in main (src/main/assets ).
Generally it's good practice to keep your web files in a subdirectory, so create a www directory and put all your web content in it.
Note: Absolute paths do not work in the WebView when referring to other files, such as CSS and JavaScript. So make sure you make all references relative, instead of absolute (for example, instead of '/pages/somelink.html', use './pages/somelink.html').
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Once you have everything in your assets directory, it's as simple as loading in the appropriate file:
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You'll want to tweak the
shouldOverrideUrlLoading method so it opens a browser for non-local pages:
Now you are set to build a great WebView app!
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For tips on getting the visuals just right, see Pixel-Perfect UI in the WebView.
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If you run into trouble, the Chrome DevTools are your friends. See Remote Debugging on Android to get started.
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